Corruptor is the same as a thief. State money is embezzled for personal gain. In fact, many state officials or private officials are unconcerned about the deterrent effect of the perpetrators of corruption.
However, each country has very severe acts and punishments for each of the convicted criminals. Others are still punished with light sentences. Sometimes prison alone is not enough, the media is always concerned about law enforcement policies in every country to punish them.
We all agree, that the corruptor is the number one enemy of the country. Especially those who should promise to serve the people, even instead embezzling people's money. Money that should be used for the people to prosper.
Here is how to judge and prosecute corruptors in some southeast Asian countries.
Heavyweight corruptors in Malaysia were sentenced to hanging
Malaysia has long imposed the death penalty for perpetrators of corruption, by hanging. Since 1961, Malaysia already has anti-corruption laws, Corruption Prevention (Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi). Then, they formed the Corruption Eradication Board or the Rashet Prevention Agency (Badan Pencegahan Rasuah) in 1982, to enforce the law.
Finally in 1997, the country passed a law on Anti-Corruption Law that would punish corrupt people with the death penalty if found guilty.
The most famous corpuscence case in Malaysia is yesterday the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) is reportedly going to summon former Prime Minister Najib Razak. Najib was summoned for questioning over allegations of corruption addressed to him in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal.
As reported by Kompas International, the 1MDB case came when the Wall Street Journal published a document showing Najib receiving $ 681 million of funds to his personal account.
However, Najib - who is a former Malaysian prime minister for two periods, insisted that the money was a donation from one of the royal members of Saudi Arabia. Najib denied that he used the funds for personal gain. The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission and Malaysian Attorney General have also declared Najib clean of corruption allegations.
The Pakatan Harapan Government unveiled another Najib Razak administrative financial scandal involving two projects undertaken by a developer from China, through a subsidiary of the Finance Ministry chaired by Mohamed Irwan Serigar Abdullah as inscribed by Malaysia Insight.
Vietnamese corruption convicted of death sentence
The death penalty for corruptors is also applied in Vietnam. But the punishment does not apply to pregnant women and women who care for children under the age of 36 when the verdict is given. Usually punishment is changed to last a lifetime in some cases.
Once there was a former head of one of the major banks in Vietnam, who suffered heavy losses, was sentenced to death while a colleague was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Recently, Nguyen Xuan Son, a former boss of OceanBank and PetroVietnam, was sentenced to death in Hanoi.
As released by the BBC, Nguyen Xuan Son - who is head of PetroVietnam's national oil company - was found guilty of mismanagement and embezzlement of millions of dollars in Hanoi court.
The verdicts on both of them ended a one-month corruption trial with a total of 51 bankers and businessmen allegedly imprisoned, ranging from 18 months to 22 years.
The OceanBank-related corruption charges involve top leaders, branch leaders, and accountants. The trial of this case is one of the biggest trials in banking in Vietnam.
OceanBank - a semi-governmental bank - is part of the Ocean Group, which is engaged in property and hospitality that has grown rapidly since its inception in 2007.
Thailand condemns death penalty for corruptors
The Thai National Military Reform Steering Committee approved an Acts drafted by the Thai military junta. In the new Acts the man who is legally proven to commit corruption worth at least 1 billion baht, is threatened with death sentence. Meanwhile, officials found guilty of corruption worth less than 1 billion baht, threatened with five years imprisonment.
Analysts say it is the current Thai government's way of controlling the pace of political opponents.
One was former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a military coup in 2006. Including, Yingluck Shinawatra, Thaksin's younger brother who was ousted by the military junta in 2014 ago. Yingluck is currently on trial for allegations of subsidizing rice subsidies that cost millions of dollars.
The military junta is now focused on silencing supporters of Thaksin and Yingluck.
The death penalty for corruption also applies in Singapore
Seeing the high risk of corruption in his country, Lee Kwan Yew led the anti-corruption movement in office since 1959. Even with the strengthening of the People's Action Party movement, he declared war on corruption by saying, "no one, not even top government officials are immunized from investigation and punishment for corruption".
This led to a series of anticorruption laws, such as the 1988 Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA) renamed The Corruption (Confiscation of Benefit) Act and subsequently came the CPIB. Indeed all Lee Kwan Yew's attempts to eradicate corruption in Singapore will not succeed unless supported by political will of bureaucrats and public support.
However, it is known that tax heaven states like Singapore, is believed to be a favorite place for corruptors to hide their assets.
Because in a country like this usually has a low tax state or even tax free, so it becomes a haven for corrupt assets.
In addition to Malaysia and Vietnam, the death penalty for corruptors also applies in Singapore. The law in Singapore is very strict against criminals such as murder, drug trafficking and corruption. In the period 1994-1999 the death penalty was given to more than a thousand people.
Corruption penalties in Indonesia assessed still less rigid
The current penalties have not been able to make officials afraid of corruption. In fact, not a few Indonesian officials are affected by hand-catching operation when going to transact.
Understandably, the punishment for corruptors is still fairly light. Meanwhile, drug dealers are sentenced to death, but the corruptors who harmed millions of people are only sentenced to imprisonment within a matter of years and that too can still remission or pieces of prisoner.
In the National Conference of Corruption Eradication 2017, Chairman of KPK Agus Rahardjo at that time ever revealed that the rules about the eradication of corruption still has many shortcomings. Agus also openly mention the Law of Eradication of Corruption owned by Indonesia is ancient.
In addition to the relatively minor punishment for corruptors, the country's money recovery efforts also face obstacles. One of them if the money is corrupted or taken away out of the country.
Mega corruption that was warm-hearted haunting the country of Indonesia is the case of electronic ID card. KPK itself considers that the case of electronic ID card is a very serious case because it involves a lot of state officials.
In this project the state loses up to Rp 2.3 trillion.
Source: Asian Times, Rappler, www.lowyinstitute.org, www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org, Wikipedia